Ethereum: Binance with Python requests but works with curl

Ethereum Order Placement Issue: Binance API Key Format

As a developer working with cryptocurrency markets, you’re likely no stranger to the challenges of integrating with external APIs. However, when it comes to Binance’s API, a specific issue arises that can cause unexpected behavior in your Python code.

The problem is that the Binance API uses a different format for API keys than the requests library typically supports. Specifically, Binance requires an api-key parameter in the URL, which should be enclosed within double quotes (") to match the expected input format.

In this article, we’ll explore why you might encounter this error and provide workarounds using both the requests and curl libraries.

Why the api-key issue?

When you use requests or other Python libraries like curl, they typically expect a JSON-encoded string as input. Binance’s API, however, expects an api-key parameter in plain text (without quotes). This inconsistency can cause issues when trying to authenticate with the API.

The Problem: Binance Testnet API

Ethereum: Binance <Api-key format invalid.> with Python requests but works with curl<br />
” src=”https://www.mhalarmes.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/3abf29f0.png”></p>
</p>
<p>Binance supports both testnet and mainnet APIs, but it seems that only the testnet API is affected by this issue. To confirm, try accessing the same URL on a different environment or using a different library like <code>curl</code>. If you’re still experiencing issues with the testnet API, we’ll focus on potential solutions.</p>
</p>
<p><strong>Workaround 1: Using Binance’s API Wrapper</strong></p>
</p>
<p>One solution to this problem is to use Binance’s official API wrapper for Python. This library provides an interface that allows you to make authenticated requests to the Binance API using a single <code>api-key</code> parameter.</p>
</p>
<p><pre><code></p><p>import json</p><p>
</p><p>
</p><p>from binance.client import Client</p><p>
</p><p>
</p><p><br><h1></h1>Replace with your actual API key</p><p>
</p><p>API_KEY =

API_SECRET = "YOUR_API_SECRET_HERE"

client = Client(api_key=API_KEY, api_secret=API_SECRET)

def place_order(symbol, side, quantity, price):

order = {

"symbol": symbol,

"side": side,

"type": "limit",

"quantity": quantity,

"price": float(price)

}

result = client.placeOrder(**order)

print(json.dumps(result, indent=4))

place_order("ETHUSDT", "buy", 10, 0.1)

In this example, we create a Client instance with your API key and secret, then define a place_order function that takes the required parameters and sends them to the Binance API using the client.placeOrder() method.

Workaround 2: Using curl with an environment variable

Another solution is to use curl with an environment variable containing your API key.

export Binance_KEY="YOUR_API_KEY_HERE"

curl -X POST \

\

--data-urlencode "symbol=ETHUSDT" \

--data-urlencode "side=buy" \

--data-urlencode "type=limit" \

--data-urlencode "quantity=10" \

--data-urlencode "price=0.1"

In this example, we define an environment variable BINANCE_KEY with your actual API key and secret. Then, we use the curl command to send a POST request to the Binance API with the required parameters.

Conclusion

The issue you’re experiencing is not unique to Ethereum or Binance’s APIs; it affects several other cryptocurrency platforms as well. To resolve this problem, consider using either of the workarounds outlined above.

  • For requests and other Python libraries: use the Binance API wrapper library.

  • For curl: set an environment variable containing your API key and secret.

By understanding why the api-key issue arises and implementing a solution, you’ll be able to successfully place orders on Binance’s testnet using Python.

Ethereum Sync Bitcoin Slow

Ethereum: P2WSH, witness_v0_scripthash: how to derive an address

Ethereum: Decrypting P2WSH Scripts and Obtaining Addresses

As a developer building decentralized applications (dApps) on the Ethereum blockchain, it is crucial to understand how to interact with scripts. One of the most complex aspects of Ethereum scripts is P2WSH (Proof-of-Work Script Hashing), which allows the creation and management of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). In this article, we will delve into the world of P2WSH scripts, exploring how to obtain an address associated with a specific testnet transaction ID.

Understanding P2WSH Scripts

P2WSH is a blockchain-based scripting language that allows developers to create custom logic for their NFTs. It is based on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and allows scripts to be executed as if they were implemented on the mainchain. When creating an NFT, you need to define a P2WSH script with specific functions and parameters.

Deriving a Script Address from a Testnet Transaction ID

To get an address associated with a specific testnet transaction ID, we will follow these steps:

  • Create a new testnet wallet: On Ethereum Testnet, create a new wallet using a tool like Truffle or MyEtherWallet.
  • Upload Script: Upload the P2WSH script to the wallet using getScript().
  • Get Transaction ID: Get the testnet transaction ID for the given txid.
  • Create Account

    : Create a new account in the wallet using createAccount().

Here is an example code snippet that demonstrates these steps:

const Web3 = require('web3');

const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('

// Load the testnet transaction ID and script

txid = '6717c8971dccbf826790efc16fb357f1e225fed3448247b8556c9f13a6c0ce42';

script = web3.eth.script({ from: 0x...}); // load the P2WSH script

// Create a new account

const account = web3.eth.accounts.create();

// Get the transaction ID for the given txid

tinfo = web3.eth.getTransactionInfo(txid);

// Derive an address associated with the transaction ID and the script

const derivedAddress = web3.eth.accounts.deriveAccount(script.address, txinfo.hash, txinfo.receipt);

In this example, we create a new account using createAccounts() and then upload the testnet transaction ID to our wallet. We use getTransactionInfo() to get the transaction hash containing the given txid, which is used as input to the deriveAccount() method.

P2WSH Script Parameters

When creating a P2WSH script, you need to specify several parameters using the params object. Each parameter should be an object with the following structure:

{

"name": "your_name"

"address": "0x...".

"type": "function"

} }

Here is an example of a simple P2WSH script that extracts the sender’s name and address:

const Web3 = require('web3');

const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('

// Upload the P2WSH script to the wallet

const script = web3.eth.script({ from: 0x...}); // upload the P2WSH script

// Create a new account

const account = web3.eth.accounts.create();

// Get the transaction ID for the given txid

tinfo = web3.eth.getTransactionInfo(txid);

// Deduce an address associated with the transaction ID and script

const derivedAddress = web3.eth.accounts.deriveAccount(script.address, txinfo.hash, txinfo.receipt);

Conclusion

Ethereum: P2WSH, witness_v0_scripthash: how to derive an address

In this article, we explored how to derive a P2WSH script address from a given testnet transaction ID. By understanding the basics of P2WSH scripts and using tools like Truffle or MyEtherWallet, you can create custom logic for your NFTs on the Ethereum blockchain.

Always remember to keep your wallet secure and use a reputable tool to upload your testnet transaction ID and script.

Note: This is just a basic example, and actual P2WSH scripts may require more complex logic.

Ethereum: TypeError: unsupported addressable value (argument=”target”, value=null, code=INVALID_ARGUMENT, version=6.13.1)

Let me help you understand what’s happening with the code. Here’s the corrected version:

/**

  • @description This file provides helper functions for testing and interacting with Ethereum addresses.

*/

const { await } = require('chai');

const { ethers } = request('hardhat');

async function tokens(n) {

/**

  • @param {number} n - The number of tokens to create

*

  • @returns {object} An object containing newly created tokens and their associated Ethereum addresses.

*/

// Create a new contract (in this example, we'll create an ERC20 token)

const Token = await ethers.getContractFactory('ERC20Token');

// We use the Hardhat test helper functions to get our account, create a new contract, and transfer tokens

const account = await ethers.ethereum.getSigner();

let newlyCreatedTokens;

try {

// Create a new ERC20 token

const newTokenInstance = await Token.deploy({ count: n });

// Get the Ethereum address of the newly created token (which should be a string)

const newTokenAddress = newTokenInstance.address;

// Save the address of the newly created token for later use

newlyCreatedTokens = { tokenAddress: newTokenAddress, tokens: newTokenInstance };

} catch (error) {

// If an error occurs during the installation, save the error message as a string and continue running the rest of the tests

if (error instanceof ethers.AdenemyError || error.status === 0) {

console.log("Unexpected error while creating token:", error.message);

}

}

return newlyCreatedTokens;

}

// Usage example:

const tokensN = 100; // Create 100 new tokens

const tokens = await tokens(tokensN);

console.log(New tokens:);

for (let i=0;i

console.log(${i+1}. Token ID: ${tokens.tokens[i].tokenAddress}, Token Count: ${tokens.tokens[i].count});

}

Code changes:

Ethereum: TypeError: unsupported addressable value (argument=

  • I added a “tokens” function that takes the number of tokens as an argument and returns a promise.
  • Inside this function, we instantiate our contract using ethers.getContractFactory('ERC20Token'), deploy it with the specified amount, and get its address using account.address.
  • We also save the address of the newly created token for later use. You can store your tokens here for later use.
  • We also added error handling to catch unexpected errors during the deployment.

Additional notes:

  • Make sure your Hardhat configuration includes the required dependencies and has a hardhat.config.js' file to define your test environment.
  • You need to create a new contract (in this case an ERC20 token) using "ethers.getContractFactory('ERC20Token')". This usually means creating a Solidity smart contract for the token with the necessary functions and variables.
  • In this example, we have assumed that you are creating an ERC20 token. If you need to create other types of tokens (e.g. ERC721), you may need to modify the code accordingly.

Usage example:

You can use our "token" function like this:

const { await } = require('chai');

const { ethers } = request('hardhat');

async function main() {

const tokensN = 100; // Create 100 new tokens

const tokens = await tokens(tokensN);

console.log(Recently created tokens:);

for (let i=0;i

console.log(${i+1}. Token ID: ${tokens.tokens[i].tokenAddress}, Number of tokens: ${tokens.tokens[i].count}`);

}

}

main()

This code creates 100 new ERC20 tokens and prints their addresses.

Ethereum: How can Bitcoin solve societal problems caused by capitalism?

Ethereum: A New Path Forward for Capitalism

When our conversation turned to the topic of alternative cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, it quickly became apparent that our friend’s initial reaction was skepticism. She expressed concerns that Bitcoin, or any other digital currency, would simply enable speculation and widen the wealth gap between the haves and have-nots.

While it is true that some critics argue that cryptocurrency can be used to launder money, manipulate markets, and even perpetuate social injustices, the underlying principles of Ethereum and other cryptocurrencies challenge this narrative. In fact, Ethereum has the potential to become a decentralized platform for solving complex societal problems caused by capitalist systems.

The Problem with Traditional Capitalism

Ethereum: How can Bitcoin solve societal problems caused by capitalism?

Traditional capitalism, as we know it today, is built on the idea of ​​ profit and growth. The pursuit of wealth and power leads individuals and organizations to prioritize short-term gains over long-term sustainability and social responsibility. This mindset can result in exploitation of workers, environmental degradation, and disregard for community well-being.

To illustrate this point, consider the following examples:

  • Tax avoidance and evasion: Wealthy individuals often use tax havens to hide their assets from taxes, reducing government revenue and perpetuating income inequality.

  • Environmental degradation: The pursuit of profit can lead companies to prioritize short-term gains over environmental sustainability, contributing to climate change and resource depletion.

  • Social injustices: Capitalist systems often perpetuate existing social inequalities by creating new forms of exploitation and oppression.

Ethereum’s Potential for Social Progress

Ethereum, a decentralized blockchain platform, has the potential to address some of these issues. The Ethereum network is built on a consensus algorithm called Proof-of-Stake (PoS), which allows for more inclusive and equitable decision-making processes.

  • Decentralized governance: Ethereum enables communities to create their own autonomous governance systems, giving individuals and organizations control over their digital assets.

  • Open-source development: The decentralized nature of Ethereum allows for open-source development, ensuring that the platform is transparent and accountable.

  • Security and integrity: The use of advanced cryptographic algorithms and smart contract security measures ensures the integrity of transactions and reduces the risk of manipulation.

Breaking Down Barriers

To fully harness the potential of Ethereum, we need to address the underlying issues driving capitalist systems. This requires a shift in mindset, from prioritizing profit over people and planet to prioritizing social responsibility and community well-being.

  • Education and awareness: We must educate individuals about the benefits and risks of decentralized systems and encourage them to participate in the development process.

  • Policy changes

    : Governments can implement policies that promote transparency, accountability, and inclusivity, creating a more equitable society for all.

  • Community engagement: Building coalitions between communities, organizations, and governments is crucial for driving positive change.

In conclusion, while Bitcoin may not be the answer to solving societal problems caused by capitalism, Ethereum presents an alternative path forward. By leveraging the decentralized nature of blockchain technology, we can create a more inclusive and equitable society for all.

solana target error

Ethereum: How to get xpub or mpk(bip32) for my bitcoin core wallet?

I can walk you through the process of getting an XPR (BIP 42) or MPK (BIP 36) address for your Bitcoin Core wallet. Here are step-by-step instructions:

What are XPR and MPK?

XPR and MPK are two types of Bitcoin addresses that allow you to use your Bitcoin Core wallet with multiple Bitcoin networks, including Bitcoin and Segregated Witness (SegWit). They also allow you to use the Bitcoin Cash (BCH) network.

Why do I need XPR or MPK?

You may need an XPR or MPK address if:

  • You have a Bitcoin Core wallet set up to use multiple networks.
  • You want to use your wallet with different Bitcoin variants, such as Bitcoin Gold or Silver.
  • You want to migrate from one network (e.g. Bitcoin Cash) to another (e.g. Bitcoin).

Detailed instructions:

Ethereum: How to get xpub or mpk(bip32) for my bitcoin core wallet?

  • Update your Bitcoin Core: Make sure you have the latest version of Bitcoin Core. If you haven’t updated it recently, update it using the bitcoin-core update command.
  • Select your wallet configuration: Go to Settings > Wallet in the Bitcoin Core UI. Select “Multiple Networks” under “Wallet Settings”. Select the network(s) you want your wallet to support (e.g. BTC, BCH).
  • Generate or obtain an XPR or MPK address:
  • To generate an XPR address:
  • Go to bitcoinorg-tool secp256k1 GenerateKeyPair and create a new key pair.
  • Select “X PR” as the key type (or press Enter to default).
  • The tool will print out a public XPR address, for example, xprv....
  • To generate an MPK address:
  • Follow steps 1-3 in the previous point to create a new key pair.
  • Press “X” to select “MPK (BIP 36)” as the key type.

Tips and Considerations:

  • Make sure you understand what each XPR or MPK address represents, its security implications, and any potential risks associated with using them in your wallet.
  • Be careful when generating public addresses for sensitive purposes, such as spending your coins or creating new wallets.
  • If you are unsure about the security of an XPR or MPK address, consider consulting the Bitcoin Core documentation or seeking advice from a financial professional.

Example:

Assuming you have a Bitcoin Core wallet with multiple network setups, let’s say you want to generate an XPR address for the BTC network. You would run bitcoinorg-tool secp256k1 GenerateKeyPair and select “X PR” as the key type. The tool will return a public XPR address, for example xprv....

To get an MPK address for the BCH network, you can use the same command, but with different settings.

Remember to regularly update your wallet configuration and generate new addresses when necessary to maintain the security of your Bitcoin Core wallet.

Ethereum: Filesystem is corrupt. How to find wallet.dat?

Ethereum: File System is Corrupted – How to Find Wallet.dat

As a cryptocurrency enthusiast, it is frustrating when your valuable assets become inaccessible due to technical issues. For Ethereum users who have experienced similar issues, we are here to provide guidance on how to recover wallet.dat files and find the corrupted file system.

The Problem: Corrupted File System

When an Ethereum wallet stores its data on a hard drive, a specific file system is used to store metadata about the wallet’s transactions, addresses, and balances. However, if this file system becomes corrupted, it can render the wallet inaccessible and make it impossible to recover assets or funds.

Symptoms of a Corrupt File System

Before we dive into the troubleshooting steps, let’s quickly identify some common symptoms that may indicate a corrupt file system:

  • Unrecoverable errors during boot or when trying to access your wallet
  • The Wallet.dat file is inaccessible, even after restarting the computer
  • Wallet data appears to have been deleted or corrupted
  • Ethereum assets or funds cannot be recovered

Where to find Wallet.dat

Wallet.dat files are usually stored in a specific location on your hard drive. Here’s how to find them:

  • Check the desktop folder – Find your wallet.dat file in the “Desktop” folder.
  • **Check the “My Computer” folder – In Windows, right-click on “Computer” and select “Properties.” Next, click on “Hardware” and look for a “Data” or “System Data” folder, which may contain the wallet.dat file.
  • **Check the “Users” folder: On macOS, look for your wallet.dat file in the “Users” > “yourusername” > “Library” > “Keychains” folder.

Troubleshooting steps

To recover your Ethereum assets or find the file system corrupted, follow these steps:

  • Reinstall the operating system: If none of the steps above work, consider reinstalling the operating system and installing a fresh version.
  • Boot into Safe Mode

    : Restart your computer in Safe Mode (Windows) or reboot into Safe Mode (macOS). This can help identify any malware or corrupted files that may be causing the problem.

  • Check for malware – Run a full scan with antivirus software to ensure that there is no malware affecting your system.
  • Reinstall Ethereum wallet software

    Ethereum: Filesystem is corrupt. How to find wallet.dat?

    – If you are using a pre-made Ethereum wallet, reinstall it from scratch.

  • Check file system permissions – Make sure that the user account running your wallet has sufficient permissions to access and write to the correct directory.

Additional tips

  • Please note that recovery of corrupted data is not guaranteed, especially if the damage was caused by malware or system instability.
  • If you are still experiencing issues after trying these steps, consider consulting with a professional IT specialist or seeking help on an Ethereum community forum.
  • Consider using a backup service to ensure that your assets are safe and can be easily recovered in case of future technical issues.

We hope that this guide has helped you identify the problem and provided you with some troubleshooting steps to recover your Ethereum assets. If you have any further questions or concerns, please feel free to ask!

Using Transactions

Ethereum: Is it possible to create a Binance/Coinbase account programmatically?

Here is an article based on his post:

Is it possible to create a Binance/Coinbase account programmatically?

Ethereum: Is it possible to create a Binance/Coinbase account programmatically?

When it comes to cryptocurrency exchanges like Binance and Coinbase, many users wonder if they can automate the process of creating a new account. The answer is yes, it is technically possible to create a Binance or Coinbase account programmatically in several ways.

Binance API: Creating an Account Programmatically

The Binance API provides endpoints that allow developers to interact with the exchange programmatically. One such endpoint is “POST /api/v3/auth/login”, which allows you to authenticate and obtain an access token that can be used to create a new account.

To create a Binance account programmatically, you need to send a POST request to the /api/v3/auth/login endpoint with the required parameters:

  • Grant_type: Set to Client_credentials
  • client_id: Your Binance API client ID
  • client_secret: Your Binance API client secret

Below is an example of how you can create a new account programmatically using the Binance API:

curl -X POST \

\

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

-d '{"grant_type": "client_credentials", "client_id": "[YOUR_BINANCE_API_CLIENT_ID]", "client_secret": "[YOUR_BINANCE_API_CLIENT_SECRET]"}'

Coinbase API: Creating an Account Programmatically

The Coinbase API also provides endpoints that allows developers to interact with the exchange programmatically. One such endpoint is “POST /api/v4/login”, which allows you to authenticate and obtain a session token that can be used to create a new account.

To create a Coinbase account programmatically, you need to send a POST request to the /api/v4/login endpoint with the required parameters:

  • Grant_type: Set to Client_credentials
  • client_id: Your Coinbase API client ID
  • client_secret: Your Coinbase API client secret

Below is an example of how you can create a new account programmatically using the Coinbase API:

curl -X POST \

\

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

-d '{"grant_type": "client_credentials", "client_id": "[YOUR_COINBASE_API_CLIENT_ID]", "client_secret": "[YOUR_COINBASE_API_CLIENT_SECRET]"}'

Subscribing to an Event

Once you have created a new account programmatically, you can subscribe to the exchange events using the Binance or Coinbase API. This allows you to receive notifications about new balances, transactions, and other events.

To subscribe to events, you need to send a POST request to the /events endpoint of a specific event type (e.g. “new_order”, “order_status”) with the required parameters.

For example, to subscribe to new orders on Binance:

curl -X POST \

\

-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \

-d '{"event": "newOrder", "options": {"type": "limit"}}'

In summary, it is possible to create a Binance or Coinbase account programmatically using the exchange’s API endpoints. By following these steps and using the right parameters, you can automate the creation of new accounts on the platform.

Please note that before automating an API request, it is important to ensure that your API key or client secret is properly validated and complies with the exchange’s terms of service. Also, be aware of any price restrictions imposed by the exchange.

LP, Token sale, TVL

“Tokenizing The Future: Unlocking Blockchain’s Potential with Cryptocurrency, Liquidity Protocols (LP), and Decentralized Exchange (DEX) Token Sales, TVLs Rising”

The world of cryptocurrency has experienced significant growth in recent years, with many new players entering the scene. At the forefront of this movement are blockchain-based platforms that enable decentralized finance (DeFi) applications and token sales. Two key components of these ecosystems are liquid staking protocols (LPs) and decentralized exchanges (DEXs), which have become crucial for scaling DeFi transactions.

Liquidity Protocols (LP)

Liquid staking protocols, also known as liquidity pools, are designed to facilitate seamless trading on blockchain-based platforms. By pooling together a group of users with different stakes, these protocols allow traders to instantly swap tokens and maintain low slippage during market fluctuations. This feature has made LPs indispensable for DeFi applications, such as decentralized lending and yield farming.

For instance, the Compound Protocol is one of the most prominent LPs in the DeFi space, allowing users to lend their tokens to earn interest at an attractive rate while maintaining a high level of liquidity. The Compound Protocol’s LP model has enabled the creation of over $100 billion in value, making it one of the largest and most successful DeFi platforms.

Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs)

Decentralized exchanges are blockchain-based marketplaces that enable users to trade tokens without relying on centralized exchanges like Coinbase. DEXs offer a range of features, including liquidity provision, order book management, and smart contract execution.

One notable example is the Binance Smart Chain (BSC), which has become one of the largest and most popular DeFi platforms in recent years. The Binance DEX allows users to trade a wide variety of tokens, including some of the largest DeFi projects like Uniswap and SushiSwap.

Token Sales and TVLs Rising

LP, Token sale, TVL

The token sale phenomenon has been gaining momentum over the past year, with many new projects launching their initial coin offerings (ICOs) and token sales on various blockchain platforms. These events have attracted significant attention from investors, traders, and users alike.

As the DeFi space continues to grow, it is likely that the TVLs (total value locked) of these protocols will also rise significantly. In 2021 alone, the total TVL of DeFi protocols will reach over $100 billion, with many new projects launching in recent months.

Tokenomics and Token Sales

The token sale process has become a critical aspect of blockchain development, enabling project teams to raise capital from investors while providing a way for users to buy and hold tokens. The token sale itself is often accompanied by a variety of features, such as smart contract execution, liquidity provision, and community engagement.

Some notable examples include the $100 million token sale for Solana’s SNO coin in 2021, which raised significant attention from investors and traders. Similarly, the $10 million token sale for Polkadot’s KUSAMA coin in 2020 marked one of the largest DeFi token sales at the time.

Conclusion

As the cryptocurrency market continues to evolve, it is clear that liquid staking protocols (LP) and decentralized exchanges (DEXs) are playing a significant role in unlocking blockchain’s potential. The token sale phenomenon has also become a crucial aspect of DeFi development, enabling project teams to raise capital from investors while providing a way for users to buy and hold tokens.

As the TVLs of these protocols continue to rise, it is likely that we will see further growth in the DeFi space. With the support of new projects launching their ICOs and token sales, it remains an exciting time to be involved in blockchain development.

TESTNET

Solana: 8 byte discriminator did not match what was expected when initail PDA account

I can help you write an article about the problem you are facing with Solana PDA (Program Data Account) accounts.

Title: Bug in 8-byte discriminator for initial PDA account on Solana node

Introduction:

Solana is a decentralized, fast, and scalable blockchain platform that uses a consensus algorithm called Proof of Stake (PoS). One of the key features of Solana is its ability to create Program Data Accounts (PDAs), which are used to store data for programs deployed on the network. In this article, we will discuss an error that can occur when initializing a PDA account on a Solana node.

The problem:

Solana: 8 byte discriminator did not match what was expected when initail PDA account

The 8-byte discriminator in the init function does not correctly match the expected value when creating a new PDA account. This incompatibility can lead to errors during the bootstrapping process.

Code Explanation:

To better understand the problem, let’s take a look at the code snippet that creates a new PDA account:

`sunny

import { program_data_account_type } from "@solana/web3.js";

import { createProgramDataAccount } from "./program-data-account";

const mainProgramId = "main-program-id"; // Replace with the main program ID

const initialPdaPubkey = await programIdToPubkey(mainProgramId);

const initialDeserializesPubkey = await programIdToPubkey("deserializes");

const leftPubkey = await programIdToPubkey("left");

constant pdaAccountInitParams = {

public keys: [

{

type: program_data_account_type,

value: initialPdaPubkey,

},

{ type: program_data_account_type, value: remainingPdaPubkey },

],

};

const pdaAccount = await createProgramDataAccount(pdaAccountInitParams);


The error:

After reviewing the code snippet, we can see that there are twopubkeysin thepdaAccountInitParamsobject. However, the expected value is only for one of them (initialPdaPubkey). This discrepancy causes the 8-byte discriminator to not match what is expected.


Conclusion:

To resolve this issue, you need to update the code snippet to match bothpubkeysin thepdaAccountInitParamsobject. Here is an updated version of the code:

sunny

import { program_data_account_type } from "@solana/web3.js";

import { createProgramDataAccount } from "./program-data-account";

const mainProgramId = "main-program-id"; // Replace with the main program ID

const initialPdaPubkey = await programIdToPubkey(mainProgramId);

const leftPubkey = await programIdToPubkey("left");

constant pdaAccountInitParams = {

public keys: [

{ type: program_data_account_type, value: initialPdaPubkey },

{ type: program_data_account_type, value: public key left },

],

};

const pdaAccount = await createProgramDataAccount(pdaAccountInitParams);

By updating the pdaAccountInitParamsobject to include bothpubkeys`, you should be able to resolve the error and successfully initialize your PDA account on a Solana node.

Ethereum: How to get addresses from scriptPubKey in segwit transactions?

Ethereum ScriptPubKey Addresses: How to Extract Them from Segwit Transactions

As a developer or data analyst who has studied Ethereum transactions, you are probably familiar with the concept of scriptpubkey (SPTK) addresses. These addresses are used in Ethereum transactions and are generated by solving complex mathematical puzzles called “proof-of-work” (PoW) using their own unique cryptographic keys.

However, not all SPTKs can be easily extracted from raw transaction data using standard methods. This is because Segwit transactions, which were introduced in 2017, use a separate script (called a “scriptSig”) to store additional metadata and parameters for each transaction. The scriptSig section contains information such as the sender’s public address, signature scheme, and other custom fields.

To overcome this limitation, we will explore some advanced techniques to extract SPTK addresses from Segwit transactions using Ethereum’s scripting language, Solidity.

Why can’t we use scriptPubKey?

Previously, it was possible to extract SPTK addresses directly from the raw transaction data by parsing the scriptSig section. However, with the introduction of Segwit transactions, the additional metadata stored in this section is no longer accessible to standard Ethereum tools and libraries.

Method 1: Using the “eth-sig” library

Ethereum: How to get addresses from scriptPubKey in segwit transactions?

One way to overcome this limitation is to use a third-party library called “eth-sig”. This library provides an API to extract SPTK addresses from Segwit transactions. Here is an example of its usage:

const { ethSig } = request('eth-sig');

// Load the transaction data

const txData = ...;

// Extract the scriptSig part

const scriptSig = txData.scriptSig;

// Parse the scriptSig using the eth-sig' library

const sigInfo = ethSig.parse(scriptSig);

// Extract the SPTK address from the signature scheme

const spkAddress = sigInfo.spkAddress;

console.log(spkAddress);

Method 2: Using a custom script

Another approach is to implement a custom script that extracts the SPTK address from the Segwit transaction. This script needs to be compiled and deployed as a Solidity contract, which can then be used with your existing code.

Here is an example of how you can implement a custom script:

pragma solidity ^0,6,0;

contract SptkExtractor {

function getSpkAddress(bytes memory txData) public view return (address) {

// Load transaction data

bytes32 txHash = txData.read(0);

// Parse transaction hash as Ethereum signature

address spkAddress;

bytes4[] memory rsp = new bytes4[64];

uint8[] memory sigs = txHash.read(1);

for (uint256 i = 2; i < 65; i++) {

rsp[i] = bytes4(sigs[i].byte());

}

// Extract SPTK address from signature scheme

spkAddress = keccak256(rsp);

return spkAddress;

}

}

3. Method 2: Using a Third-Party Library and Web3.js

Finally, you can use a third-party library, such as "web3.js", to extract SPTK addresses from Segwit transactions. This method requires more setup and configuration, but it gives you access to the necessary libraries and APIs.

Here is an example of how you can use the "web3.js" file with the "eth-sig" library:

`javascript

const web3 = request('web3');

const { ethSig } = request('eth-sig');

// Load the Web3 instance

const web3Instance = new web3.Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('

// Load the transaction data

const txData = ...;

// Extract the scriptSig part

const scriptSig = txData.scriptSig;

// Parse the scriptSig using theeth-sig` library

const sigInfo = ethSig.