All posts by : wsuporte

Understanding Login with MetaMask Typed Data

As a digital asset enthusiast, you’re probably familiar with Metamask, a popular wallet app that provides seamless interaction between your Ethereum accounts and decentralized applications (dApps). One of the interesting features of Metamask is its ability to process logins using data typed by MetaMask using Web3.js. However, I would like to take this opportunity to look at a common problem that can occur when implementing a MetaMask input: the undefined Buffer error.

Problem

When trying to check signedTypedData using Metamask, a Buffer object is expected as input data. This is because the function eth.util.signTypedData() returns the Ethereum transaction hash in hexadecimal string format (for example, “0x…”).

However, when working with typed data or other types that do not correspond to the Buffer interface, for example, signedTypedData, Metamask throws an error. In particular, a ReferenceError occurs because the buffer is not defined.

Solution

To solve this problem, you need to make sure that the data you enter corresponds to the buffer interface. Here are some approaches:

• Define the type of typed data: if possible, define the exact type of signedTypedData in the Buffer object. You can use built-in TypeScript or JavaScript types to specify it.

`typewriting

Use a polyfill: If you're using older browsers or Node.js versions that don't support TypedArrays, consider using a polyfill liketypedarray-bufferortypedarray-polyfill. These libraries provide an alternative implementation of the Buffer interface.

“

Conclusion

Implementing MetaMask login using typed data requires some caution when working with typed data. If you follow the tips above, you should be able to fix the “Buffer not defined” error and successfully test signedTypedData in your application.

Remember to always check the official documentation for each library or API you use, as their behavior may change over time. Happy programming!

Ethereum: Slush’s Pool Worker Offline?

As an Ethereum mining enthusiast, you’re likely no stranger to the world of cryptocurrency mining. However, when your mining pool on Slush’s network goes offline, it can be frustrating and disrupt your workflow. In this article, we’ll delve into what might cause a Slush’s Pool Worker offline issue and provide some troubleshooting steps to get your miner up and running again.

What is a Pool Worker?

In the context of Ethereum mining, a pool worker is a separate node that acts as an intermediary between miners. Instead of having one miner control all nodes on a network, a pool worker allows multiple miners to pool their resources together. This approach can increase the overall hash rate and provide more competitive mining opportunities.

Common Reasons for Slush’s Pool Worker Offline:

• Network Congestion: Slush’s network is known for being congested due to high demand from miners. When there are too many transactions on the network, it can cause congestion, leading to worker offline issues.

• Miner Overload: If you’re mining with multiple GPUs or other nodes, the load might become too high, causing a worker to shut down.

• Pool Configuration Issues: Incorrect pool configuration settings, such as low memory allocation or insufficient GPU count, can cause workers to become idle or offline.

• Network Disruptions: Outages, network congestion spikes, or issues with internet connectivity may all impact the functionality of Slush’s Pool Workers.

Troubleshooting Steps:

To resolve an offline worker issue on Slush’s Pool, try these steps:

• Check Network Status: Ensure that your miner is connected to the network and has a stable internet connection.

• Verify Worker Configuration: Check if you have configured your pool correctly, including allocating sufficient memory and adjusting GPU counts as needed.

• Update Miner Software: Ensure your mining software is up-to-date, as updates may include bug fixes or optimization improvements that can resolve worker issues.

• Check for Network Congestion: Monitor network traffic on Slush’s website to identify any congestion spikes. You can also use tools like ethools or poolscan to track the performance of the pool and identify potential issues.

• Contact Slush Support

  

  : If none of the above steps resolve the issue, reach out to Slush’s support team for assistance. They may be able to provide additional guidance or troubleshooting steps.

Conclusion:

If your Slush’s Pool Worker is offline, it is essential to identify and address the underlying cause of the issue. By following these troubleshooting steps, you should be able to resolve the issue and get back up and running with your mining pool. Remember to stay vigilant and keep an eye on network performance to prevent future congestion spikes.

Additional Tips:

• Regularly update your miner software and hardware to ensure you have the latest features and security patches.

• Consider using a separate, dedicated GPU for testing or experimentation to isolate the issue.

• Monitor your mining pool’s performance regularly to identify any potential bottlenecks or issues that may be causing congestion.

I hope this article has been informative and helpful in resolving the issue with your Slush’s Pool Worker offline.

Ethereum Order Placement Issue: Binance API Key Format

As a developer working with cryptocurrency markets, you’re likely no stranger to the challenges of integrating with external APIs. However, when it comes to Binance’s API, a specific issue arises that can cause unexpected behavior in your Python code.

The problem is that the Binance API uses a different format for API keys than the requests library typically supports. Specifically, Binance requires an api-key parameter in the URL, which should be enclosed within double quotes (") to match the expected input format.

In this article, we’ll explore why you might encounter this error and provide workarounds using both the requests and curl libraries.

Why the api-key issue?

When you use requests or other Python libraries like curl, they typically expect a JSON-encoded string as input. Binance’s API, however, expects an api-key parameter in plain text (without quotes). This inconsistency can cause issues when trying to authenticate with the API.

The Problem: Binance Testnet API

API_SECRET = "YOUR_API_SECRET_HERE"

client = Client(api_key=API_KEY, api_secret=API_SECRET)

def place_order(symbol, side, quantity, price):

order = {

"symbol": symbol,

"side": side,

"type": "limit",

"quantity": quantity,

"price": float(price)

}

result = client.placeOrder(**order)

print(json.dumps(result, indent=4))

place_order("ETHUSDT", "buy", 10, 0.1)

In this example, we create a Client instance with your API key and secret, then define a place_order function that takes the required parameters and sends them to the Binance API using the client.placeOrder() method.

Workaround 2: Using curl with an environment variable

Another solution is to use curl with an environment variable containing your API key.

export Binance_KEY="YOUR_API_KEY_HERE"

curl -X POST \

   \

  --data-urlencode "symbol=ETHUSDT" \

  --data-urlencode "side=buy" \

  --data-urlencode "type=limit" \

  --data-urlencode "quantity=10" \

  --data-urlencode "price=0.1"

In this example, we define an environment variable BINANCE_KEY with your actual API key and secret. Then, we use the curl command to send a POST request to the Binance API with the required parameters.

Conclusion

The issue you’re experiencing is not unique to Ethereum or Binance’s APIs; it affects several other cryptocurrency platforms as well. To resolve this problem, consider using either of the workarounds outlined above.

• For requests and other Python libraries: use the Binance API wrapper library.

• For curl: set an environment variable containing your API key and secret.

By understanding why the api-key issue arises and implementing a solution, you’ll be able to successfully place orders on Binance’s testnet using Python.

Ethereum Sync Bitcoin Slow

Ethereum: Decrypting P2WSH Scripts and Obtaining Addresses

As a developer building decentralized applications (dApps) on the Ethereum blockchain, it is crucial to understand how to interact with scripts. One of the most complex aspects of Ethereum scripts is P2WSH (Proof-of-Work Script Hashing), which allows the creation and management of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). In this article, we will delve into the world of P2WSH scripts, exploring how to obtain an address associated with a specific testnet transaction ID.

Understanding P2WSH Scripts

P2WSH is a blockchain-based scripting language that allows developers to create custom logic for their NFTs. It is based on the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) and allows scripts to be executed as if they were implemented on the mainchain. When creating an NFT, you need to define a P2WSH script with specific functions and parameters.

Deriving a Script Address from a Testnet Transaction ID

To get an address associated with a specific testnet transaction ID, we will follow these steps:

• Create a new testnet wallet: On Ethereum Testnet, create a new wallet using a tool like Truffle or MyEtherWallet.

• Upload Script: Upload the P2WSH script to the wallet using getScript().

• Get Transaction ID: Get the testnet transaction ID for the given txid.

• Create Account

  : Create a new account in the wallet using createAccount().

Here is an example code snippet that demonstrates these steps:

const Web3 = require('web3');
const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('
// Load the testnet transaction ID and script
txid = '6717c8971dccbf826790efc16fb357f1e225fed3448247b8556c9f13a6c0ce42';
script = web3.eth.script({ from: 0x...}); // load the P2WSH script
// Create a new account
const account = web3.eth.accounts.create();
// Get the transaction ID for the given txid
tinfo = web3.eth.getTransactionInfo(txid);
// Derive an address associated with the transaction ID and the script
const derivedAddress = web3.eth.accounts.deriveAccount(script.address, txinfo.hash, txinfo.receipt);

In this example, we create a new account using createAccounts() and then upload the testnet transaction ID to our wallet. We use getTransactionInfo() to get the transaction hash containing the given txid, which is used as input to the deriveAccount() method.

P2WSH Script Parameters

When creating a P2WSH script, you need to specify several parameters using the params object. Each parameter should be an object with the following structure:

{
"name": "your_name"
"address": "0x...".
"type": "function"
} }

Here is an example of a simple P2WSH script that extracts the sender’s name and address:

const Web3 = require('web3');
const web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider('
// Upload the P2WSH script to the wallet
const script = web3.eth.script({ from: 0x...}); // upload the P2WSH script
// Create a new account
const account = web3.eth.accounts.create();
// Get the transaction ID for the given txid
tinfo = web3.eth.getTransactionInfo(txid);
// Deduce an address associated with the transaction ID and script
const derivedAddress = web3.eth.accounts.deriveAccount(script.address, txinfo.hash, txinfo.receipt);

Conclusion

In this article, we explored how to derive a P2WSH script address from a given testnet transaction ID. By understanding the basics of P2WSH scripts and using tools like Truffle or MyEtherWallet, you can create custom logic for your NFTs on the Ethereum blockchain.

Always remember to keep your wallet secure and use a reputable tool to upload your testnet transaction ID and script.

Note: This is just a basic example, and actual P2WSH scripts may require more complex logic.

Let me help you understand what’s happening with the code. Here’s the corrected version:

/**
@description This file provides helper functions for testing and interacting with Ethereum addresses.
*/
const { await } = require('chai');
const { ethers } = request('hardhat');
async function tokens(n) {
/**
@param {number} n - The number of tokens to create
* 
@returns {object} An object containing newly created tokens and their associated Ethereum addresses.
*/
// Create a new contract (in this example, we'll create an ERC20 token)
const Token = await ethers.getContractFactory('ERC20Token');
// We use the Hardhat test helper functions to get our account, create a new contract, and transfer tokens
const account = await ethers.ethereum.getSigner();
let newlyCreatedTokens;
try {
// Create a new ERC20 token
const newTokenInstance = await Token.deploy({ count: n });
// Get the Ethereum address of the newly created token (which should be a string)
const newTokenAddress = newTokenInstance.address;
// Save the address of the newly created token for later use
newlyCreatedTokens = { tokenAddress: newTokenAddress, tokens: newTokenInstance };
} catch (error) {
// If an error occurs during the installation, save the error message as a string and continue running the rest of the tests
if (error instanceof ethers.AdenemyError || error.status === 0) {
console.log("Unexpected error while creating token:", error.message);
}
}
return newlyCreatedTokens;
}
// Usage example:
const tokensN = 100; // Create 100 new tokens
const tokens = await tokens(tokensN);
console.log(New tokens:); 
for (let i=0;i
console.log(${i+1}. Token ID: ${tokens.tokens[i].tokenAddress}, Token Count: ${tokens.tokens[i].count});
}

Code changes:

• I added a “tokens” function that takes the number of tokens as an argument and returns a promise.

• Inside this function, we instantiate our contract using ethers.getContractFactory('ERC20Token'), deploy it with the specified amount, and get its address using account.address.

• We also save the address of the newly created token for later use. You can store your tokens here for later use.

• We also added error handling to catch unexpected errors during the deployment.

Additional notes:

• Make sure your Hardhat configuration includes the required dependencies and has a hardhat.config.js' file to define your test environment.

const { await } = require('chai');
const { ethers } = request('hardhat');
async function main() {
const tokensN = 100; // Create 100 new tokens
const tokens = await tokens(tokensN);
console.log(Recently created tokens:); 
for (let i=0;i
console.log(${i+1}. Token ID: ${tokens.tokens[i].tokenAddress}, Number of tokens: ${tokens.tokens[i].count}`);
}
}
main()

This code creates 100 new ERC20 tokens and prints their addresses.

Ethereum: A New Path Forward for Capitalism

When our conversation turned to the topic of alternative cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, it quickly became apparent that our friend’s initial reaction was skepticism. She expressed concerns that Bitcoin, or any other digital currency, would simply enable speculation and widen the wealth gap between the haves and have-nots.

While it is true that some critics argue that cryptocurrency can be used to launder money, manipulate markets, and even perpetuate social injustices, the underlying principles of Ethereum and other cryptocurrencies challenge this narrative. In fact, Ethereum has the potential to become a decentralized platform for solving complex societal problems caused by capitalist systems.

The Problem with Traditional Capitalism

Traditional capitalism, as we know it today, is built on the idea of ​​ profit and growth. The pursuit of wealth and power leads individuals and organizations to prioritize short-term gains over long-term sustainability and social responsibility. This mindset can result in exploitation of workers, environmental degradation, and disregard for community well-being.

To illustrate this point, consider the following examples:

• Tax avoidance and evasion: Wealthy individuals often use tax havens to hide their assets from taxes, reducing government revenue and perpetuating income inequality.

• Environmental degradation: The pursuit of profit can lead companies to prioritize short-term gains over environmental sustainability, contributing to climate change and resource depletion.

• Social injustices: Capitalist systems often perpetuate existing social inequalities by creating new forms of exploitation and oppression.

Ethereum’s Potential for Social Progress

Ethereum, a decentralized blockchain platform, has the potential to address some of these issues. The Ethereum network is built on a consensus algorithm called Proof-of-Stake (PoS), which allows for more inclusive and equitable decision-making processes.

• Decentralized governance: Ethereum enables communities to create their own autonomous governance systems, giving individuals and organizations control over their digital assets.

• Open-source development: The decentralized nature of Ethereum allows for open-source development, ensuring that the platform is transparent and accountable.

• Security and integrity: The use of advanced cryptographic algorithms and smart contract security measures ensures the integrity of transactions and reduces the risk of manipulation.

Breaking Down Barriers

To fully harness the potential of Ethereum, we need to address the underlying issues driving capitalist systems. This requires a shift in mindset, from prioritizing profit over people and planet to prioritizing social responsibility and community well-being.

• Education and awareness: We must educate individuals about the benefits and risks of decentralized systems and encourage them to participate in the development process.

• Policy changes

  : Governments can implement policies that promote transparency, accountability, and inclusivity, creating a more equitable society for all.

• Community engagement: Building coalitions between communities, organizations, and governments is crucial for driving positive change.

In conclusion, while Bitcoin may not be the answer to solving societal problems caused by capitalism, Ethereum presents an alternative path forward. By leveraging the decentralized nature of blockchain technology, we can create a more inclusive and equitable society for all.

solana target error

I can walk you through the process of getting an XPR (BIP 42) or MPK (BIP 36) address for your Bitcoin Core wallet. Here are step-by-step instructions:

What are XPR and MPK?

XPR and MPK are two types of Bitcoin addresses that allow you to use your Bitcoin Core wallet with multiple Bitcoin networks, including Bitcoin and Segregated Witness (SegWit). They also allow you to use the Bitcoin Cash (BCH) network.

Why do I need XPR or MPK?

You may need an XPR or MPK address if:

• You have a Bitcoin Core wallet set up to use multiple networks.

• You want to use your wallet with different Bitcoin variants, such as Bitcoin Gold or Silver.

• You want to migrate from one network (e.g. Bitcoin Cash) to another (e.g. Bitcoin).

Detailed instructions:

• Update your Bitcoin Core: Make sure you have the latest version of Bitcoin Core. If you haven’t updated it recently, update it using the bitcoin-core update command.

• Select your wallet configuration: Go to Settings > Wallet in the Bitcoin Core UI. Select “Multiple Networks” under “Wallet Settings”. Select the network(s) you want your wallet to support (e.g. BTC, BCH).

• Generate or obtain an XPR or MPK address:

• To generate an XPR address:

• Go to bitcoinorg-tool secp256k1 GenerateKeyPair and create a new key pair.

• Select “X PR” as the key type (or press Enter to default).

• The tool will print out a public XPR address, for example, xprv....

• To generate an MPK address:

• Follow steps 1-3 in the previous point to create a new key pair.

• Press “X” to select “MPK (BIP 36)” as the key type.

Tips and Considerations:

• Make sure you understand what each XPR or MPK address represents, its security implications, and any potential risks associated with using them in your wallet.

• Be careful when generating public addresses for sensitive purposes, such as spending your coins or creating new wallets.

• If you are unsure about the security of an XPR or MPK address, consider consulting the Bitcoin Core documentation or seeking advice from a financial professional.

Example:

Assuming you have a Bitcoin Core wallet with multiple network setups, let’s say you want to generate an XPR address for the BTC network. You would run bitcoinorg-tool secp256k1 GenerateKeyPair and select “X PR” as the key type. The tool will return a public XPR address, for example xprv....

To get an MPK address for the BCH network, you can use the same command, but with different settings.

Remember to regularly update your wallet configuration and generate new addresses when necessary to maintain the security of your Bitcoin Core wallet.

Ethereum: File System is Corrupted – How to Find Wallet.dat

As a cryptocurrency enthusiast, it is frustrating when your valuable assets become inaccessible due to technical issues. For Ethereum users who have experienced similar issues, we are here to provide guidance on how to recover wallet.dat files and find the corrupted file system.

The Problem: Corrupted File System

When an Ethereum wallet stores its data on a hard drive, a specific file system is used to store metadata about the wallet’s transactions, addresses, and balances. However, if this file system becomes corrupted, it can render the wallet inaccessible and make it impossible to recover assets or funds.

Symptoms of a Corrupt File System

Before we dive into the troubleshooting steps, let’s quickly identify some common symptoms that may indicate a corrupt file system:

• Unrecoverable errors during boot or when trying to access your wallet

• The Wallet.dat file is inaccessible, even after restarting the computer

• Wallet data appears to have been deleted or corrupted

• Ethereum assets or funds cannot be recovered

Where to find Wallet.dat

Wallet.dat files are usually stored in a specific location on your hard drive. Here’s how to find them:

• Check the desktop folder – Find your wallet.dat file in the “Desktop” folder.

• **Check the “My Computer” folder – In Windows, right-click on “Computer” and select “Properties.” Next, click on “Hardware” and look for a “Data” or “System Data” folder, which may contain the wallet.dat file.

• **Check the “Users” folder: On macOS, look for your wallet.dat file in the “Users” > “yourusername” > “Library” > “Keychains” folder.

Troubleshooting steps

To recover your Ethereum assets or find the file system corrupted, follow these steps:

• Reinstall the operating system: If none of the steps above work, consider reinstalling the operating system and installing a fresh version.

• Boot into Safe Mode

  : Restart your computer in Safe Mode (Windows) or reboot into Safe Mode (macOS). This can help identify any malware or corrupted files that may be causing the problem.

• Check for malware – Run a full scan with antivirus software to ensure that there is no malware affecting your system.

• Reinstall Ethereum wallet software

  

  – If you are using a pre-made Ethereum wallet, reinstall it from scratch.

• Check file system permissions – Make sure that the user account running your wallet has sufficient permissions to access and write to the correct directory.

Additional tips

• Please note that recovery of corrupted data is not guaranteed, especially if the damage was caused by malware or system instability.

• If you are still experiencing issues after trying these steps, consider consulting with a professional IT specialist or seeking help on an Ethereum community forum.

• Consider using a backup service to ensure that your assets are safe and can be easily recovered in case of future technical issues.

We hope that this guide has helped you identify the problem and provided you with some troubleshooting steps to recover your Ethereum assets. If you have any further questions or concerns, please feel free to ask!

Using Transactions

Here is an article based on his post:

Is it possible to create a Binance/Coinbase account programmatically?

When it comes to cryptocurrency exchanges like Binance and Coinbase, many users wonder if they can automate the process of creating a new account. The answer is yes, it is technically possible to create a Binance or Coinbase account programmatically in several ways.

Binance API: Creating an Account Programmatically

The Binance API provides endpoints that allow developers to interact with the exchange programmatically. One such endpoint is “POST /api/v3/auth/login”, which allows you to authenticate and obtain an access token that can be used to create a new account.

To create a Binance account programmatically, you need to send a POST request to the /api/v3/auth/login endpoint with the required parameters:

• Grant_type: Set to Client_credentials

• client_id: Your Binance API client ID

• client_secret: Your Binance API client secret

Below is an example of how you can create a new account programmatically using the Binance API:

curl -X POST \
 \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{"grant_type": "client_credentials", "client_id": "[YOUR_BINANCE_API_CLIENT_ID]", "client_secret": "[YOUR_BINANCE_API_CLIENT_SECRET]"}'

Coinbase API: Creating an Account Programmatically

The Coinbase API also provides endpoints that allows developers to interact with the exchange programmatically. One such endpoint is “POST /api/v4/login”, which allows you to authenticate and obtain a session token that can be used to create a new account.

To create a Coinbase account programmatically, you need to send a POST request to the /api/v4/login endpoint with the required parameters:

• Grant_type: Set to Client_credentials

• client_id: Your Coinbase API client ID

• client_secret: Your Coinbase API client secret

Below is an example of how you can create a new account programmatically using the Coinbase API:

curl -X POST \
 \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{"grant_type": "client_credentials", "client_id": "[YOUR_COINBASE_API_CLIENT_ID]", "client_secret": "[YOUR_COINBASE_API_CLIENT_SECRET]"}'

Subscribing to an Event

Once you have created a new account programmatically, you can subscribe to the exchange events using the Binance or Coinbase API. This allows you to receive notifications about new balances, transactions, and other events.

To subscribe to events, you need to send a POST request to the /events endpoint of a specific event type (e.g. “new_order”, “order_status”) with the required parameters.

For example, to subscribe to new orders on Binance:

curl -X POST \
 \
-H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
-d '{"event": "newOrder", "options": {"type": "limit"}}'

In summary, it is possible to create a Binance or Coinbase account programmatically using the exchange’s API endpoints. By following these steps and using the right parameters, you can automate the creation of new accounts on the platform.

Please note that before automating an API request, it is important to ensure that your API key or client secret is properly validated and complies with the exchange’s terms of service. Also, be aware of any price restrictions imposed by the exchange.

“Tokenizing The Future: Unlocking Blockchain’s Potential with Cryptocurrency, Liquidity Protocols (LP), and Decentralized Exchange (DEX) Token Sales, TVLs Rising”

The world of cryptocurrency has experienced significant growth in recent years, with many new players entering the scene. At the forefront of this movement are blockchain-based platforms that enable decentralized finance (DeFi) applications and token sales. Two key components of these ecosystems are liquid staking protocols (LPs) and decentralized exchanges (DEXs), which have become crucial for scaling DeFi transactions.

Liquidity Protocols (LP)

Liquid staking protocols, also known as liquidity pools, are designed to facilitate seamless trading on blockchain-based platforms. By pooling together a group of users with different stakes, these protocols allow traders to instantly swap tokens and maintain low slippage during market fluctuations. This feature has made LPs indispensable for DeFi applications, such as decentralized lending and yield farming.

For instance, the Compound Protocol is one of the most prominent LPs in the DeFi space, allowing users to lend their tokens to earn interest at an attractive rate while maintaining a high level of liquidity. The Compound Protocol’s LP model has enabled the creation of over $100 billion in value, making it one of the largest and most successful DeFi platforms.

Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs)

Decentralized exchanges are blockchain-based marketplaces that enable users to trade tokens without relying on centralized exchanges like Coinbase. DEXs offer a range of features, including liquidity provision, order book management, and smart contract execution.

One notable example is the Binance Smart Chain (BSC), which has become one of the largest and most popular DeFi platforms in recent years. The Binance DEX allows users to trade a wide variety of tokens, including some of the largest DeFi projects like Uniswap and SushiSwap.

Token Sales and TVLs Rising

The token sale phenomenon has been gaining momentum over the past year, with many new projects launching their initial coin offerings (ICOs) and token sales on various blockchain platforms. These events have attracted significant attention from investors, traders, and users alike.

As the DeFi space continues to grow, it is likely that the TVLs (total value locked) of these protocols will also rise significantly. In 2021 alone, the total TVL of DeFi protocols will reach over $100 billion, with many new projects launching in recent months.

Tokenomics and Token Sales

The token sale process has become a critical aspect of blockchain development, enabling project teams to raise capital from investors while providing a way for users to buy and hold tokens. The token sale itself is often accompanied by a variety of features, such as smart contract execution, liquidity provision, and community engagement.

Some notable examples include the $100 million token sale for Solana’s SNO coin in 2021, which raised significant attention from investors and traders. Similarly, the $10 million token sale for Polkadot’s KUSAMA coin in 2020 marked one of the largest DeFi token sales at the time.

Conclusion

As the cryptocurrency market continues to evolve, it is clear that liquid staking protocols (LP) and decentralized exchanges (DEXs) are playing a significant role in unlocking blockchain’s potential. The token sale phenomenon has also become a crucial aspect of DeFi development, enabling project teams to raise capital from investors while providing a way for users to buy and hold tokens.

As the TVLs of these protocols continue to rise, it is likely that we will see further growth in the DeFi space. With the support of new projects launching their ICOs and token sales, it remains an exciting time to be involved in blockchain development.

TESTNET